Gamebook Writing 101 - Page numbers (Part 3)

Have any of you ever thought about writing an adventure gamebook but don't know where to begin? Writing a gamebook certainly requires some skills not needed when writing an ordinary book.

Today I am continuing my series called "Gamebook Writing 101". My plan is to share some of my experiences and ideas concerning gamebook writing with the hope that these articles are of benefit to you. I also invite discussion (via the commenting section) about each article I write, so we can hear thoughts from other writers as well.

Today, I will continue with the topic I started a few weeks ago - Page numbers (Part 3).  For those of you who have not read Part 1 or 2, I advise you to read those articles first before starting this one. The link for those articles are here:

http://jumpsterhopper.blogspot.com/2010/08/gamebook-writing-101-page-numbers-part.html (Part 1)

http://jumpsterhopper.blogspot.com/2010/08/gamebook-writing-101-page-numbers-part_17.html (Part 2)

ALLOCATING RANDOM PAGE NUMBERS - Tools to use:

When using any random page number allocation method, there are a number of ways to allocate (and record) your random page numbers.  I will list (and explain) some of these below.  Some are methods that I have used over the years, some are methods that have been suggested by others.

1) RECORDING - EXCEL SPREADSHEET

This is more to do with the recording of the random numbers used than the allocation of them.  This helps prevent you from re-using an already used page number.  It can also give you a quick visual representation of which pages you have used and not used, at a glance.

Each time a page number is used, you can use the Excel "Fill" tool, to fill a cell.  In this example, you can see that pages 1, 4-7, 9-10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 23 and 26-28 have been used, and filled as a result.

Each spreadsheet row represents a page number in the book.  As an excel spreadsheet can contain an extreme number of rows, you only need the one excel sheet to track an entire book.

Some other benefits of this visual tracking system are as follows:

1) Gamebooks can often contain pages where, in order for the reader to continue, they are required to add or deduct a particular number from the page number they are reading at the time and then turn to the page number resulting from the calculation.  For example -

Page 7

You place the gold key in your backpack. 

If at any stage during your adventure, you come across a situation where you wish to try the gold key in a lock, add 10 to the page number you are reading at the time and turn to the new page number.  You will be immediately told if the key fits in the lock.

As you continue to write your story, once you know you are about to write the page in the story where the reader will be able to try the gold key in the lock that it was intended for (i.e. It will work.) you can quickly look at your excel chart and determine what pages are available for you to chose from.

Again, using the above example (and the screenshot of the excel spreadsheet) -

Page ??

You try the solid oak door.  The handle turns, but the door does not open.  It is locked.  Dejected, you decide to turn around and head back the way you came.

Turn to page 28.

There is a hidden option here for the reader to try the gold key in the lock.  To do so, 10 must be added to the current page.  At the moment, a page number has not been allocated.  If you look at the excel spreadsheet, you can quickly determine, from the number of white cells available (unused pages) that you will be unable to allocate the following page numbers to the page just written:

2, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 22, 24, 25, 29 and 30.  (Note this adventure is a 30 page adventure).

Pages 22-30 cannot be used for obvious reasons, because the story only has 30 pages, adding 10 to any of these numbers will exceed the page limit of 30.

Pages 2, 8, 11, 13, 16 and 17 cannot be used as adding 10 to those numbers lead you to cells in the spreadsheet that are already filled in (used).  This is where this visual method of recording really helps.

As it turns out, the only page numbers available to use for the above page are:

3, 14, 19 or 20.

2) If you wish, you can colour code your filled boxes to represent other parts of the story you are writing:

In this updated example of the previous image, I have decided to record two other types of events which are standard fare in gamebooks:

a) Endings; and
b) Combat situations

Again, by a quick look at the chart, you can see it contains two scenes (pages) where the main character has to engage in combat with an enemy of some sort (page 5 and page 18).  If you wanted to include even more detail, you could type the name of the enemy in the cell itself, so you can keep track of the variety of enemies you have included in your story.

So far, you can also count that the story has three endings (pages 12, 23 and 27).

You can see that there is scope to include even more information in a chart like this, whatever you think will be of benefit to you.

I will continue with the explanation of other tools in part 4 of this article.  It is turning out to be a much longer series than I originally thought, which, I guess, is a good thing as it gives you all more information to read and digest.

Until next time,

Jasan

Gamebook Writing 101 - Page numbers (Part 2)

Hello,

Have any of you ever thought about writing an adventure gamebook but don't know where to begin? Writing a gamebook certainly requires some skills not needed when writing an ordinary book.

Today I am continuing my series called "Gamebook Writing 101". My plan is to share some of my experiences and ideas concerning gamebook writing with the hope that these articles are of benefit to you. I also invite discussion (via the commenting section) about each article I write, so we can hear thoughts from other writers as well.

Today, I will continue with the topic I started last week - Page numbers (Part 2) for those of you who have not read Part 1, I advise you to read that article first before starting this one.  The link for that article is here:

http://jumpsterhopper.blogspot.com/2010/08/gamebook-writing-101-page-numbers-part.html

OPTION 2 - Random numbers

Repeating my example of last week:

Page 1
You continue walking north along the path until you arrive at a crossroads. The north path continues across the open plain. The path to the east appears to head towards a small forest nearby. The path to the west heads towards a large lake, some distance away.
 If you wish to continue north across the plain, turn to page 25.
If you wish to turn to the east, towards the forest, turn to page 17.
If you wish to go west, in the direction of the lake, turn to page 115.

Here, the story begins at page 1.  The first choice to turn to is at page 25, the second is page 17 and the third is page 115.  The two weaknesses I mentioned with option 1 in my previous article:

- 1) Reader seeing alternative decisions on the same two page spread
- 2) Endings piled at the end of the book

are eliminated.  All the page numbers to turn to are far enough away from each other (and from the page the reader is currently on) for weakness 1) to be dealt with.  Also, the random allocation of page numbers means that the endings to the story will, naturally, be randomly scattered throughout the book.

Random numbers - How many pages is my book?
 
Obviously, if you are going to allocate numbers randomly, you need tools to help with the "randomness" aspect.  Before you start, however, because you not using the "allocate the next available page number" system, you are going to lose one of its advantages - easy tracking of how many pages long your book is.  This forces you to make an early decision: You must decide how many pages (or sections) your gamebook is going to have.  This is because when you go through the process of allocating random numbers, you must have an upper and lower range from which to select your next random page number. 
 
As will be illustrated below, you are also going to have to be very accurate with your estimate.
 
If you decide that your book is going to be 200 pages long, and it turns out that you use your compliment, but the story is still going, you are going to have to readjust your estimate and start allocating a new set of numbers for the remaining pages.  Let us say you reach 200 and estimate that it will probably take you another 50 pages to finish.  You will now have to randomly allocate the final pages between 201 and 250.  This is a reasonable compromise,  however, one of the weaknesses of last week's system rears its head again.  Quoting from my part 1 article:
 
As a natural course of events, this option results in the vast majority of the endings being piled together at the end of the book. As a result, the reader will get a reasonable idea when the story is more likely to end, the higher the page numbers become. This isn't necessarily a bad thing, but if you don't want the reader to feel like the story is necessarily about to conclude as they read, this method of page numbering doesn't help the situation.
 
Even worse, in my opinion, is the other possibility: That you finish your story before you have used up your quota of pages.  Let us say, you decide that you are going to have a 200 page story, but you finish it with only 150 pages used.  Because you have been allocating random numbers between 1 and 200, but have only used 150 of them, there are going to be "missing page numbers" all over the place, which, on the face of it, appears to be a disaster.  Imaging flipping through the pages of the book to find there is a page 1, 2, 3, 4 then a skip to page 6, then 7, then another skip to page 10 etc.  It doesn't look good.
 
So, the above scenarios seem to suggest is it better to underestimate than overestimate the number of pages for your book.  Neither, however, are ideal.  Something else that could be done to "fix" the problem, however, is available to you.  Whether or not you will be able to achieve this, however, depends greatly on your writing ability.
 
DELIBERATELY OVERESTIMATE YOUR BOOK LENGTH AND THEN INCLUDE "FILLER" SCENES
 
At some stage, when you are getting close to finishing your story, you should be able to get an idea when you are going to run out of pages or are not going to use them all.  Another possibility is to deliberately overestimate how long your book will be and then make a conscious decision to include some "filler scenes" at various stages of the story so that you get closer to your originally overestimated number of pages. 
 
Now, there is a danger that these filler scenes will detract from the quality of the story, if it is obvious that they are filler scenes.  Padding out a book for the sake of page numbers is a dangerous business, and if you are wanting to publish it, a would-be publisher may not like what appear to be uneccessary story scenes.  For gamebooks, however, you do have an option available to you that normal authors do not have:
 
RANDOM ENCOUNTERS
 
For those familiar with gamebooks, the "game" element is an important part of a good gamebook so that the reader gets an opportunity to test out the characters game attributes.  This should be done on a regular basis, to break up the story into purely "literary" moments to "gameplay" moments.  Without going into to much detail about the random encounters themselves (as it is worthy of an article of its own), some examples that you could use are:
 
1) Random confrontation - Be it a wild animal that crosses the reader's path or an enemy of another sort, you can extend a story by a few pages by including a couple of random confrontations.
2) Random traps - Traps that test the character's attributes or simply cause an outright penalty without testing them are another option.  Be imaginative!  Recall your days of watching the Indiana Jones movies and think of how many times Indy was confronted with an unexpected trap that he had to overcome.
3) Random treasures/tests - Have the character potentially discover a special item that will help in the story later on.  Better still, have the character need to overcome a series of tests to be able to acquire that special item.
4) Be really bold and use a combination of some or all the above to come up with a nice little extended scene that can benefit or harm the character in preparation for the final confrontation at the end of the story.
 
Just a final point on this, as far as myself is concerned, one of the series that I am writing (Woodland Forest Chronicles) is one that runs along a specific timeline.  Each book that I write (indirectly) follows the previous book.  I like to include extra scenes in one book that give a small clue as to future events in the land of Woodland Forest in future books, without being necessarily integral to the story being currently read.  That is another way I like to extend my stories, if they need extending (although I tend to struggle to keep stories within my limit, rather than fall short, from expereience.)
 
Anyway, that will probably do for today.  In Part 3, I will discuss the tools to use to help with the allocation of random page numbers as well as the third (and final) method on how to allocate page numbers.
 
Jasan

Gamebook Writing 101 - Page numbers (Part 1)

Hello,

Have any of you ever thought about writing an adventure gamebook but don't know where to begin?  Writing a gamebook certainly requires some skills not needed when writing an ordinary book. 

Today I am beginning a series called "Gamebook Writing 101".  My plan is to share some of my experiences and ideas concerning gamebook writing with the hope that these articles are of benefit to you.  I also invite discussion (via the commenting section) about each article I write, so we can hear thoughts from other writers as well.

Today, I will begin with the most obvious difference between regular books and gamebooks - The page numbers.

Tip 1 - Don't try to write an epic on your first try
The first serious gamebook I wrote was when I was about twelve or thirteen years old.  It was a 100 section story, called "City of Bakhad", that I wrote in a standard exercise book.  Even though the story had about 100 sections they only took about 10 pages of the exercise book, as each section was usually only 3 or 4 lines long, on average.  (I did write small, though, and still do!)

My suggestion for new writers would be to write a small adventure of about 50 sections for a first attempt.  The "Choose Your Own Adventure" series, popular in the 1980s were usually stories of about 110 pages (sections) most of the time.  So starting out with an adventure about half the size is a good starting point, I feel.

Tip 2 - How to make use of page numbers
Now, the basic mechanic of a gamebook comes into play when the reader is required to make a decision about what to do next.  The reader will be presented with 2 or more options and will turn to a particular page based on the decision the reader decides to make.  For example:

Page 1
You continue walking north along the path until you arrive at a crossroads.  The north path continues across the open plain.  The path to the east appears to head towards a small forest nearby.  The path to the west heads towards a large lake, some distance away.

If you wish to continue north across the plain, turn to page 25.
If you wish to turn to the east, towards the forest, turn to page 17.
If you wish to go west, in the direction of the lake, turn to page 115.

OPTION 1 - Use the next available page number.
The simplest option, when writing, is to use the next page number available to you.  Using the above example again:

Page 1
You continue walking north along the path until you arrive at a crossroads. The north path continues across the open plain. The path to the east appears to head towards a small forest nearby. The path to the west heads towards a large lake, some distance away.
 If you wish to continue north across the plain, turn to page 2.
If you wish to turn to the east, towards the forest, turn to page 3.
If you wish to go west, in the direction of the lake, turn to page 4.

As you can see, the story begins at page 1.  At the first request of the reader to make a decision, I have allocated the next available number, page 2, to the first choice, page 3 for the second choice and page 4 for the third choice. 

I would then write page 2.  If I gave the reader two choices at the end of page 2, I would allocate the first choice to the next available number; page 5 and the second choice to page 6.

ADVANTAGES OF OPTION 1
* You know how many pages long your story currently is, without having to count the pages.
* As the page distribution occurs in an orderly fashion, it is very easy to track the multiple story paths as they begin to branch out, without much effort and complex record keeping.

DISADVANTAGES OF OPTION 1
* When the reader makes a decision and turns to a page, they will often see one of their alternative decisions on the same two page spread.  This can be distracting for the reader if they are trying not to see the choice they didn't make.  Having it on the same page as the other choice causes this distraction.  If one of those pages happens to be a conclusion to the story (or a bad event), they can easily see it and know for next time to choose (or not to choose) it.  This can spoil the excitement for the next read.  Admittedly, a lot of readers will "cheat" anyway, by looking at alternative choices, if they come across an unpleasant ending or event, but to those who don't, they don't want the story "spoiled" by seeing options they did not choose.
* As a natural course of events, this option results in the vast majority of the endings being piled together at the end of the book.  As a result, the reader will get a reasonable idea when the story is more likely to end, the higher the page numbers become.  This isn't necessarily a bad thing, but if you don't want the reader to feel like the story is necessarily about to conclude as they read, this method of page numbering doesn't help the situation.

That's all for now,

I will continue with Part 2 of Page Numbering in a following article.

Jasan